Розтяжки (стриї): огляд
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/UJDVK2021-2-68Ключові слова:
розтяжки; стриї; білі смуги; червоні стриї; колаген; еластин; фібулін; лікуванняАнотація
Розтяжки — це видимі лінійні рубці, що розвиваються на тілі в місцях надмірного розтягування шкіри. Це доброякісне шкірне захворювання, але через естетичне значення вони можуть завдавати страждань пацієнтам. Розтяжки дуже поширені у понад 50 % вагітних жінок і у 50—90 % населення загалом. Вони частіше уражають певні етнічні групи, особливо темношкірих пацієнтів. Факторами ризику під час вагітності є сімейний анамнез, але також має місце і зайва вага, в той час як підвищений індекс маси тіла також є фактором ризику. Клінічно початкові еритематозні і фіолетові ураження, або так звані червоні смуги, переходять у зморшкуваті, гіпопігментовані, атрофічні рубцеві відмітини, так звані білі смуги. Утворення розтяжок підтверджується чотирма основними теоріями: 1) механічне розтягнення шкіри; 2) гормональні зміни; 3) вроджене структурне порушення покривів; 4) генетична схильність. Гістологічно описані різні аномалії колагенових і еластичних волокон на рівні дерми. Лікування розтяжок завжди оманливе. Найпоширеніші місцеві методи лікування, серед яких популярні креми з центелою азійською або гіалуроновою кислотою, мигдальна олія, ретиноїди для місцевого застосування, масло какао або оливкова олія. Хімічний пілінг також можна використовувати. Можуть бути виконані різні процедури, такі як мікродермабразія, радіочастотна терапія, лазерна/світлова терапія, збагачена тромбоцитами плазми, інші, але результати часто обмежені і оманливі як для пацієнта, так і для дерматолога. Ще багато чого треба зробити для вивчення цього розповсюдженого дерматологічного захворювання.
Посилання
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